Until now, cash has been the primary such system. Therefore, privacy in an open society requires anonymous transaction systems. I cannot here selectively reveal myself I must always reveal myself. When my identity is revealed by the underlying mechanism of the transaction, I have no privacy. When I ask my electronic mail provider to send and receive messages, my provider need not know to whom I am speaking or what I am saying or what others are saying to me my provider only need know how to get the message there and how much I owe them in fees. When I purchase a magazine at a store and hand cash to the clerk, there is no need to know who I am. In most cases personal identity is not salient. Since any information can be spoken of, we must ensure that we reveal as little as possible. Since we desire privacy, we must ensure that each party to a transaction have knowledge only of that which is directly necessary for that transaction. The power of electronic communications has enabled such group speech, and it will not go away merely because we might want it to.

If many parties speak together in the same forum, each can speak to all the others and aggregate together knowledge about individuals and other parties.

Each party can speak about their own memory of this how could anyone prevent it? One could pass laws against it, but the freedom of speech, even more than privacy, is fundamental to an open society we seek not to restrict any speech at all. If two parties have some sort of dealings, then each has a memory of their interaction. Privacy is the power to selectively reveal oneself to the world. A private matter is something one doesn't want the whole world to know, but a secret matter is something one doesn't want anybody to know. Privacy is necessary for an open society in the electronic age.

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